What is the function of a transformer in a circuit?

The function of a transformer in a circuit is primarily to increase or decrease voltage. It operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, utilizing two coils of wire (the primary and secondary windings) that are magnetically linked. When an alternating current flows through the primary winding, it generates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary winding. The ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil determines whether the transformer increases or decreases the voltage.

For example, if the secondary winding has more turns than the primary, the voltage is stepped up, resulting in a higher output voltage than the input. Conversely, if the secondary winding has fewer turns, the voltage is stepped down, yielding a lower output voltage. This capability is essential in various applications, such as power transmission and distribution, where changing voltage levels is required to manage the distribution of electricity effectively and safely.

Understanding this function is crucial for an avionics electronics technician, as transformers are commonly used in various avionics systems to ensure that equipment receives the appropriate voltage levels for optimal operation.